INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT – COPYRIGHT : GENERAL REVIEW

Copyright is a right given by the law to creators of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works and producers of cinematograph films and sound recordings. In fact, it is a bundle of rights including, inter alia, rights of reproduction, communication to the public, adaptation and translation of the work. There could be slight variations in the composition of the rights depending on the work.

Bibliotecas universitarias y derecho de autor: un par dialéctico en tiempos de pandemia / University libraries and copyright: a dialectical pair in times of pandemic

RESUMEN Las bibliotecas universitarias juegan un rol fundamental en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. Bajo el influjo de los procesos de digitalización estas instituciones diversifican su actuar para convertirse en centro de recursos para el aprendizaje y la investigación, y fomentan la creación de repositorios institucionales de acceso abierto. La actividad bibliotecaria en entornos digitales demanda una adecuación de las normas autorales que les permita desarrollar sus funciones sin lesionar las facultades de los autores y titulares del derecho de autor. Las autoras exponen algunos apuntes críticos sobre la relación biblioteca-derechos de autor en tiempos pandémicos.

ABSTRACT University libraries play a fundamental role in the teaching-learning process. Under the influence of digitization processes, these institutions diversify their actions to become a resource center for learning and research, and promote the creation of institutional open access repositories. The library activity in digital environments demands an adaptation of the authorial norms that allows them to develop their functions without harming the faculties of the authors and copyright holders. The authors present some critical notes on the library-copyright relationship in pandemic times.

Músicas do elevador virtual: vaporwave, a estética, a comunidade e a violação ao direito autoral / Music from the virtual elevator: vaporwave, the aesthetics, the community and the copyright infringements

O presente artigo busca descrever e analisar o Vaporwave, movimento artístico surgido e popularizado exclusivamente na Internet. Pretende-se tratar de seu conteúdo, dos tipos de produção cultural a ele pertencente e da comunidade formada em seu entorno. Em seguida, pretende-se compreender como o sistema de direitos autorais trata o Vaporwave e quais seriam os problemas de possíveis incompatibilidades entre o sistema e este tipo de produção cultural.

This article aims to describe and analyze Vaporwave, an artistic movement that emerged and was popularized exclusively on the Internet. I intendto outlineits content, the types of cultural production related tothe movement,and the community formed in its surroundings. Afterwards, I intendto understandhow the copyright system treats Vaporwaveworksand the problems of possible incompatibilities between the copyright system and this type of cultural production.

O plágio na produção científica na área da saúde: uma revisão da literatura / Plagiarism in scientific production in the health area: a literature review

A presente pesquisa é de natureza bibliográfica, compreendida como uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Tem como questão principal: "Qual é o estado da arte no que tange a temática do plágio na produção científica da área da saúde no Brasil?". Considera que o plágio, apesar de se agravar na era da informação, existe há muito tempo e que este, quando se prolifera no fazer científico, nas publicações e passa despercebido por avaliadores, acarreta prejuízos financeiros, ético-morais e desprestígio da ciência. Uma forma de verificar como estão avançando as discussões e observar a apropriação desse tema pela comunidade científica brasileira dá-se mediante a apreciação de artigos sobre plágio publicados nos periódicos indexados em bases de dados. Este trabalho objetivou delinear o cenário da produção científica acerca do plágio na área da saúde a partir de artigos indexados em periódicos científicos brasileiros entre os anos de 2010 a 2015. A revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada nos bancos de dados eletrônicos LILACS, MEDLINE e ColecionaSUS, utilizando-se palavra-chave para capturar os artigos. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionadas 14 publicações. Verificou-se que a discussão sobre o plágio é ainda incipiente no Brasil. O plágio é visto como um assunto complexo que necessita de enfrentamento, com ações educativas desde a formação inicial, com corresponsabilização da sociedade e pesquisadores. Verificou-se que ainda há lacunas na produção científica brasileira.

This is a bibliographic research, understood as a systematic literature review. It attempts to answer the main question: "What is the state of the art regarding the topic of plagiarism in the scientific production in the health area in Brazil?". It considers that plagiarism, although worsened in the information age, has existed for a long time. And when it proliferates in the scientific work and publications, going unnoticed by evaluators, results in financial losses, damaging both ethical and moral prestige of the sciences. One way to check the advancement in the discussions and observe the appropriation of this issue by the Brazilian scientific community is through the appreciation of articles regarding plagiarism published in database-indexed journals. This study aimed to outline the scientific production scenario regarding plagiarism in health from articles indexed in Brazilian scientific journals between 2010 and 2015. A systematic literature review was conducted in the electronic databases LILACS, MEDLINE and ColecionaSUS using keyword to capture the articles. After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 publications were selected. It could be observed that the discussion regarding plagiarism is still incipient in Brazil. Plagiarism is seen as a complex issue that requires actions to be taken, including educational activities from the initial training, with co-responsibility of the society and researchers. It was also observed that gaps still exist in the Brazilian scientific production.

Integridade científica e direitos autorais nos códigos de ética profissional / Scientific integrity and copyright in codes of professional ethics / Integridad científica y derechos de autor en los códigos de ética profesional

Resumo Integridade científica pressupõe respeito aos princípios éticos e legais para elaboração, condução e publicação de pesquisas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a observância da regulamentação brasileira e internacional sobre integridade científica e direitos autorais descrita nos códigos de ética profissional. Trata-se de pesquisa documental e descritiva, na qual foram selecionados e analisados 11 códigos de ética de profissões regulamentadas na área de ciências da saúde e humanas. Os resultados demonstram que os códigos de ética profissional com mais descritores citados foram os que melhor contemplaram normas nacionais e internacionais sobre ética em pesquisa. Não houve, contudo, nenhum código que abrangesse adequadamente todas as normas brasileiras e internacionais utilizadas como referência para análise. Concluiu-se que esses documentos deveriam ser reformulados com o objetivo de empoderar os profissionais e pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento para atuar de forma a respeitar a integridade científica e os direitos autorais.

Abstract Scientific integrity presupposes respect for ethical and legal principles for the design, development and publication of research. The objective of this study was to analyze compliance with Brazilian and international regulations on scientific integrity and copyright described in the codes of professional. It is a documentary and descriptive research in which 11 codes of ethics of regulated professions in the field of health and human sciences were selected and analyzed. The results show that the codes of professional ethics with the highest number of cited descriptors were the ones that best met the national and international norms on research ethics. There was, however, no code that adequately covered all the Brazilian and international standards used as reference for analysis. It was concluded that these documents should be reformulated with the objective of empowering professionals and researchers from different fields of knowledge to act in a way that respects scientific integrity and copyright.

Resumen La integridad científica presupone el respeto a los principios éticos y legales para la elaboración, conducción y publicación de investigaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la observancia de la reglamentación brasileña e internacional sobre la integridad científica y los derechos de autor descriptos en los códigos de ética profesional. Se trata de una investigación documental y descriptiva, en la cual se seleccionaron y analizaron 11 códigos de ética de profesiones en el área de las ciencias de la salud y humanas. Los resultados demuestran que los códigos de ética profesional con mayor número de descriptores citados fueron los que mejor contemplaron normas nacionales e internacionales sobre ética en investigación. No hubo, sin embargo, ningún código que contemplara adecuadamente todas las normas brasileñas e internacionales utilizadas como referencia para el análisis. Se concluyó que esos documentos deberían ser reformulados con el objetivo de empoderar a los profesionales e investigadores de las diferentes áreas del conocimiento para actuar de forma tal de respetar la integridad científica y los derechos de autor.

La protección de los derechos de autor, a la luz del procedimiento especial abreviado y la figura del acusador privado (Ley 1826) en el Derecho penal colombiano / Copyright protection, in the light of the special abbreviated procedure and the private prosecutor figure (Law 1826) in the Colombian Criminal Law / A proteção dos direitos de autor, à luz do procedimento especial abreviado e a figura do acusador privado (Lei 1826) no Direito penal colombiano

Resumen Con este artículo se pretende analizar las repercusiones de la Ley 1826 de 2017 -del procedimiento especial abreviado y de la figura del acusador privado- cuando de delitos no querellables se trata, usando como ejemplo el delito a la violación de los derechos patrimoniales de autor para demostrar, a través de la dogmática jurídica, que el empleo del poder punitivo estatal, en muchos casos, no cumple su finalidad de sancionar solo aquellas conductas particularmente lesivas para los bienes jurídicos, situación que puede terminar beneficiando a titulares de los derechos de autor con poder en el mercado, así la afectación sea mínima. Es así como se concluye que es necesario excluir los delitos que atenten contra los derechos patrimoniales de autor de tramitarse por el procedimiento especial abreviado y del acusador privado para cumplir con los fines del poder punitivo estatal.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the impact of Law 1826/2017 -of the special abbreviated procedure and the private prosecutor figure- in the case of non-criminal complaints, using as an example the crime of violation against property rights of the author to demonstrate through the legal dogmatic, that in most cases, the use of the punitive power of the state does not accomplish its purpose of sanctioning only those conducts that are particularly detrimental to the legal assets. This circumstance can result benefiting copyright holders with power in the market, even if the affectation might be minimal. Thus, it concludes that it is necessary to exclude crimes that infringe on the author's property rights in case of processing by the special abbreviated procedure and the private prosecutor figure to accomplish the goals of the state's punitive power.

Resumo Com o presente artigo pretende-se analisar as repercussões da Lei 1826 de 2017 - do procedimento especial abreviado e da figura do acusador privado - quando se trata de delitos no querellables, usando como exemplo o delito à violação dos direitos patrimoniais de autor para demonstrar, por meio da dogmática jurídica, que o uso do poder punitivo estatal, em muitos casos, não cumpre sua finalidade de sancionar só aquelas condutas particularmente lesivas para os bens jurídicos, situação que pode terminar beneficiando aos titulares dos direitos autorais com poder no mercado, embora a afetação seja mínima. É assim como se conclui que é necessário excluir os delitos que atentem contra os direitos patrimoniais de autor no caso de serem tramitados pelo procedimento especial abreviado e do acusador privado para atingir os propósitos do poder punitivo estatal.

Desafíos del acceso abierto de las revistas científicas de urbanismo, arquitectura, diseño y arte en Chile / Challenges of open access of scientific journals in urbanism, architecture, design and art in Chile

Esta investigación analiza los desafíos del acceso abierto de las revistas científicas de urbanismo, arquitectura, diseño y arte en Chile. A partir de un análisis del contenido de las páginas web de las revistas y la aplicación de encuestas a sus editores, se examinaron en detalle los formatos de acceso y publicación, la utilización de plataformas de gestión editorial, el empleo de licencias Creative Commons, las políticas de cesión de derechos de autoría, el uso de programas antiplagio y los modelos de financiamiento. Los resultados muestran que la totalidad de las revistas académicas del ámbito del urbanismo, arquitectura, diseño y arte en Chile son editadas por universidades sin fines de lucro y se autodeclaran de acceso abierto. Sus artículos están disponibles gratuitamente a través de sus páginas web, repositorios institucionales y/o SciELO, Latindex y RedALyC. Asimismo, la mayoría de las revistas utiliza licencias Creative Commons y recientemente el Open Journal System. Sin embargo, más de la mitad de las revistas sigue empleando derechos de autoría restrictivas o no tiene políticas editoriales explícitas al respecto, lo cual limita el acceso abierto de sus manuscritos. Otros problemas detectados para el acceso abierto son la falta de modelos de financiamiento sustentables y la preferencia de autores latinoamericanos por publicar en revistas internacionales de alto impacto en inglés, usualmente editadas por editoriales comerciales sin acceso abierto. Estas problemáticas constituyen importantes desafíos que requieren de nuevas estrategias, para así asegurar que las investigaciones latinoamericanas de alta calidad estén disponibles en formato abierto para la comunidad(AU)

This research analyzes the challenges of open access of scientific journals of urbanism, architecture, design and art in Chile. Based on an analysis of the content of the web pages of the journals and the application of a survey to their editors, the access and publication formats, use of journal management systems, Creative Commons licenses, copyright policies, use of plagiarism detection software and financing models are examined in detail. The results show that all academic journals in the field of urbanism, architecture, design and art in Chile are published by non-profit universities, and declare themselves as open access, with their articles being available free of charge through their web pages, institutional repositories and/or SciELO, Latindex and RedALyC. Likewise, most of the journals use Creative Commons licenses and recently the Open Journal System. However, more than half of the journals still use restrictive copyrights or do not have explicit editorial policies in this regard, which limits the open access of their manuscripts. Other problems for the open access are the lack of sustainable financing models and the preference of Latin American authors for publishing in high impact international journals in English, usually edited by commercial publishers without open access. These problems are important challenges that require new editorial strategies, in order to ensure that high-quality Latin American research is available in an open access format to the entire academic community(AU)

Blowing Your Own Trumpet: How to Increase the Online Visibility of Your Publication?

After seeing one’s manuscript in the print form in a journal, the author feels a sense of elation which is indescribable. However, if one reallywant peers and other researchers to take note of the work, some more effort is needed. With the massive increase in the number ofbiomedical journals in print – supplemented by another large chunk online – quite a few published papers remain unread by majority of thereaders. The availability of social sites, persistent identifiers, and manuscript-sharing sites has simplified the job of increasing the impactof an article. We herein share some of these tricks-of-the-trade

Strategies for the rational use of copyrighted institutional knowledge repository in academic library / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Rational use of institutional knowledge repository-covered digital resources can increase the citation and dissemination of academic achievements. The strategies for the rational use of copyrighted institutional knowledge repository in academic library were described in aspects of signing sharing agreement, establishing special service team, and monitoring data flow with the studies and practice on the rational use of institutional knowledge repository in Xi’an Jiaotong University as an example. Suggestions were put forward for perfecting the regulations and rules of rational use of institutional knowledge repository, increasing the use of academic achievements and rational use of institutional knowledge repository.

Ética e integridade: condutas para produções científicas no brasil / Ética e integridad: conductas para producciones científicas en brasil / Ethics and integrity: code of conduct for scientific research in brazil

Objetivo: apresentar uma análise de dispositivos legais, que sejam norteadores de pesquisas científicas no Brasil quanto à ética, integridade e seus aspectos, em relação às práticas inadequadas de conduta na produção do conhecimento científico. Método: a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de pesquisa documental, correspondente às publicações de órgãos norteadores de pesquisas científicas, lançadas entre os anos de 2010 e 2017. Resultados: a análise dos dados gerou um quadro de Orientações de Conduta e as Organizações geradoras. As fontes observadas apresentaram documentações diversificadas e concordância, no que diz respeito ao termo má conduta científica. Conclusão: percebeu-se que é necessário esforço por parte das instituições, nas ações preventivas e pedagógicas em relação à produção científica, bem como a padronização das regras de avaliação e de punição em má conduta.

Objetivo: presentar un análisis de dispositivos legales que sean parámetros para investigaciones científicas en Brasil asociados a la ética, la integridad y sus aspectos, en lo que se refiere a prácticas inadecuadas de conducta en la producción del conocimiento científico. Método: se recogieron los datos por medio de investigación documental, correspondiente a las publicaciones de órganos rectores de investigaciones científicas, publicadas entre los años de 2010 y 2017. Resultados: el análisis de los datos generó un cuadro de Orientaciones de Conducta y las Organizaciones generadoras. Las fuentes observadas presentaron documentaciones diversificadas y concordancia acerca del término mala conducta científica. Conclusión: se percibe que es necesario esfuerzo de las instituciones, en las acciones preventivas y pedagógicas en lo que se refiere a la producción científica, así como la estandarización de las reglas de evaluación y de punición en mala conducta.

Objective: To present an analysis of the legal mechanisms that guide scientific research in Brazil in ethics, integrity and its related aspects, regarding misconduct in the production of scientific knowledge. Method: Data was collected through documentary research of publications from regulatory agencies that set the standards for scientific research released in the 2010-2017 period. Results: Data analysis generated a chart of Guidelines of Conduct and the Institutions that generated the records. Despite the differences in the documents of the sources investigated, they all agreed on the term "research misconduct". Conclusion: The institutions should carry out preventive and pedagogical actions targeted to scientific research, as well as promote the standardization of the rules of evaluation and punishment of misconduct.

An Updated Overview of Low Back Pain Management in Primary Care

Currently, guidelines for lower back pain (LBP) treatment are needed. We reviewed the current guidelines and high-quality articles to confirm the LBP guidelines for the Korean Society of Spine Surgery. We searched available databases for high-quality articles in English on LBP published from 2000 to the present year. Literature searches using these guidelines included studies from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase. We analyzed a total of 132 randomized clinical trials, 116 systematic reviews, 9 meta-analyses, and 4 clinical guideline reviews. We adopted the SIGN checklist for the assessment of article quality. Data were subsequently abstracted by a reviewer and verified. Many treatment options exist for LBP, with a variety of recommendation grades. We assessed the recommendation grade for general behavior, pharmacological therapy, psychological therapy, and specific exercises. This information should be helpful to physicians in the treatment of LBP patients.

Desonestidade acadêmica: reflexos na formação ética dos profissionais de saúde / Academic dishonesty: effects on the ethics education of health professionals / Deshonestidad académica: efectos sobre la formación ética de los profesionales de la salud

Em vista do elevado grau tecnológico da atualidade, precisa-se continuamente discutir e revisar a temática da ética no ambiente acadêmico. As ferramentas tecnológicas não recriaram o padrão ético, mas passaram a oferecer alternativas aos alunos, facilitando práticas como "cola", plágio e falsificações, o que tornou ainda mais complexo o desafio da instituição de ensino. Este artigo aponta os prejuízos que a desonestidade acadêmica pode representar para a sociedade, na medida em que refletem no padrão ético dos futuros profissionais. Buscou-se caracterizar os principais tipos de desonestidade acadêmica, indicar exemplos de como algumas práticas são toleradas de forma aberta e de como algumas escolas médicas trabalham o tema em suas matrizes curriculares, comparar como outras culturas tratam essa questão, e, por fim, apresentam-se algumas recomendações gerais acerca de mudanças que possam contribuir para a melhoria do padrão ético e moral nas relações acadêmicas.

Given the current high level of technology, it is necessary to continually discuss and review the topic of ethics in the academic environment. Technological tools did not recreate the ethical standard, but began to offer students alternatives, facilitating practices such as cheating, plagiarism, and falsification, which have made the challenges for educational institutions even more complex. This article shows the damage and losses that academic dishonesty may pose to society, as it reflects on the ethical standards of future professionals. The authors sought to characterize the main types of academic dishonesty, present examples of how some unethical practices have been openly tolerated and how some medical schools approach this subject in their curriculum matrices, compare how the issue is dealt with in other cultures, and finally, present some general recommendations on changes that can contribute to improving the ethical and moral standards in academic relations.

Dado el alto nivel actual de la tecnología, es necesario discutir y revisar constantemente el tema de la ética en el ámbito académico. Las herramientas tecnológicas no reformularon el estándar ético, pero ofrecen alternativas a los estudiantes, y facilitan prácticas como hacer trampa, plagio y falsificaciones, lo cual tornó el desafío de la intuición de enseñanza aún más complejo. Este artículo cientifíco analiza los daños que la deshonestidad académica puede representar a la sociedad, en la medida en que repercuten en el estándar ético de los futuros profesionales. Se procuró caracterizar los principales tipos de deshonestidad académica, presentar ejemplos de cómo se han tolerado abiertamente algunas de estas prácticas y cómo algunas facultades médicas abordan el tema en sus matrices curriculares; comparar cómo se trata el tema en otras culturas y, finalmente, se presentan algunas recomendaciones generales sobre los cambios que pueden contribuir a la mejora de las normas éticas y morales en las relaciones académicas.

Cervical Radiculopathy: Incidence and Treatment of 1,420 Consecutive Cases

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of cervical radiculopathy requiring operative intervention by level and to report on the methods of treatment. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Cervical radiculopathy is a common cause of pain and can result in progressive neurological deficits. Although the pathology is well understood, the actual incidence of cervical radiculopathy at particular spinal levels ultimately requiring operative intervention is unknown. METHODS: A large consecutive series of patients operated on by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of cervical radiculopathy at each level was defined for every patient. Procedures used for operative treatment were noted. Health related quality of life (HRQL) scores were collected both pre-operatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: There were 1305 primary and 115 revision operations performed. The most common primary procedures performed were anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF, 50%) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF, 28%). The most commonly affected levels were C6 (66%) and C7 (62%). Reasons for revision were pseudarthrosis (27%), clinical adjacent segment pathology (CASP, 63%), persistent radiculopathy (11%), and hardware-related (2.6%). The most common procedures performed in the revision group were posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF, 42%) and ACDF (40%). The most commonly affected levels were C7 (43%) and C5 (30%). Among patients that had their index surgery at our institution, the revision rate was 6.4%. In both primary and revision cases there was a significant improvement in Neck Disability Index and visual analogue scale scores postoperatively. Postoperative HRQL scores in the revision cases were significantly worse than those in the primary cases (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the largest description of the incidence of cervical radiculopathy by level and operative outcomes in patients undergoing cervical decompression. The incidence of CASP was 4.2% in 3.3 years in this single institution series.

Percepção de plágio acadêmico entre estudantes do curso de odontologia / Perception of academic plagiarism among dentistry students / Percepción de plagio académico entre estudiantes de un curso de odontología

O plágio se faz presente no mundo desde que os seres humanos desenvolveram a escrita. Porém, despertou maior interesse quando passou a trazer prejuízos financeiros e intelectuais. Mesmo surgindo cada vez mais na mídia e sendo discutido na vida acadêmica, sua definição precisa ainda não foi estabelecida. Neste estudo, foram abordados o plágio integral, o conceitual e o parcial. O objetivo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos alunos matriculados no curso de odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia a respeito do tema plágio, da legislação pertinente ao tema, das fontes de pesquisa utilizadas e de como são tratados os direitos de reprodução de imagem. Para essa avaliação, utilizou-se questionário e posterior análise das respostas por meio do programa SPSS. Apesar de utilizarem fontes confiáveis para as pesquisas, os alunos não apresentaram conhecimento pleno sobre o plágio e mostraram não respeitar os direitos autorais das imagens.

While plagiarism has existed since human beings first learnt to write, it has become an issue of greater concern since we became aware of the financial and intellectual damage it can cause. Yet despite an increased awareness of the dangers of plagiarism in academic circles and in the media, the term itself has not yet been clearly defined. The present study addresses full, conceptual and partial plagiarism, with the aim of assessing the knowledge of students enrolled in the Dentistry course of the Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia regarding plagiarism, relevant legislation, research sources and image copyright. Through the use of a questionnaire and subsequent analysis of the responses of students using SPSS software, it was found that while students use reliable sources in their research, they are not fully aware of what plagiarism is and do not respect image copyright.

El plagio se hace presente en el mundo desde que los seres humanos desarrollaron la escritura. No obstante, despertó un mayor interés cuando trajo perjuicios financieros e intelectuales. Aún surgiendo cada vez más en los medios y siendo discutido en la vida académica, su definición precisa no es clara. En este estudio fueron abordados el plagio integral, el conceptual y el parcial. El objetivo fue evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los alumnos matriculados en el curso de Odontología de la Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahiasobre el tema plagio, la legislación pertinente al tema, las fuentes de investigación utilizadas y de cómo son tratados los derechos de las imágenes. Para esta evaluación, se utilizó un cuestionario y posterior análisis de las respuestas por medio del programa SPSS. A pesar de utilizar fuentes confiables para las investigaciones, los alumnos no presentaron conocimiento pleno sobre el plagio y mostraron no respetar los derechos de las imágenes.

Development of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China from 2004 to 2013 / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After an evaluation system of intellectual property rights in tea industry was constructed according to the investigation of literature and networks , the development of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China from 2004 to 2013 was analyzed , which showed that although the comprehensive strength of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China has steadily increased , a number of problems still exist such as its copyright , trademark rights, geographical indications, intangible cultural heritage, and new plant strain rights.Further analysis of patent invention rights, practical patents, and outward appearance designs showed that the number of tea processing patent inventions is the largest with a stable patent right, followed by tea processing and tea sets, tea sets and tea pack-age.Suggestions were put forward for the development of intellectual property rights in tea industry of China.

MOOCs-based strategies for development of library / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After the characteristics of MOOCs and its consistency with library service were analyzed according to its development at present , the opportunity and challenges with which the library is faced in MOOCs environment were described, including service for different users, copyright crisis, and knowledge service, the strategies the library should take were put forward, including exploration of new copyright service field, improvement of users'informa-tion literacy, learning of big data, and perfection of MOOCs service.

Plagio y otros traspasos literario-científicos en medicina y particularmente en anestesiología / Plagiarism and other literary missteps in medicine and particularly in anesthesia

Con una verdadera abundancia de publicaciones, últimamente se ha notado la aparición de artículos científicos que, en parte o en su totalidad, se habían publicado anteriormente por otro o por otros autores, lo cual evidencia un plagio. Al reproducir un párrafo o el artículo completo, se considera que el contenido ha sido robado al autor y a la publicación original. Se han definido variedades y grados de plagio y aun se considera el “autoplagio”, que no es tan alarmante. Sin embargo, incluir más de seis palabras consecutivas tomadas verbatum de otro texto, escrito por otro autor, debe considerarse un plagio. Una vez identificado y corroborado, varias revistas médicas y organizaciones científicas han penalizado al plagiario de varias maneras; en algunos países el plagio ni siquiera se considera un delito y es simplemente un concepto doctrinario. Sin embargo, en otros países, en ciertas universidades y en algunas agrupaciones médicas han castigado con la retracción del artículo publicado, notificación a quien emplea al plagiario (por ejemplo, la universidad, el hospital, la entidad gubernamental y la organización científica o profesional). Frecuentemente, el castigo es la retracción del artículo de una revista ya publicada; despedir de la entidad académica (universidad) al pseudoautor y destituirlo de uno o más cargos que tenía. Quizás en el futuro se puedan aplicar multas o instituir demandas legales que resulten en pago monetario al autor original. Además, se ha debatido la culpa en que incurren los editores que permiten tal infracción, sobre todo si es un hecho frecuente.

Recently, with the great abundance of publications, a noticeable number of scientific papers that have been previously published partially or in whole, by other author or authors have appeared demonstrating plagiarism. When either a paragraph or complete article is reproduced, it is considered that the content has been stolenfrom the author and the original publication. Different degrees and varieties of plagiarism have been defined, and even “auto plagiarism”has been defined which is not so alarming. However, including more than 6 exact consecutive words from another text written by other author should be considered plagiarism. Once identified and checked, several medical journalsand scientific organizations have sanctioned plagiarism in different ways; in some countries plagiarism is not even considered a crime and it is simply assumed as a conceptual problem. However, in other countries, in someuniversities, and medical organizations, it has been sanctioned with the retraction of the published paper, and notification of the plagiarist’s employer (for example the University, hospital,government agency and scientific or trade organization). Commonly, the punishment is the retraction of the paper in the journal, dismissal of the plagiarist from the academic center(University) and or destitution in one or more appointments he may have had. Maybe in the future, fines or lawsuits resulting in economic compensation to the original author could be instated. Another issue is the responsibility of editors who allow such actions, particularly if it is a common event.

Conocimiento y prácticas asociadas al derecho de autor en profesionales de la información de los institutos y centros de investigación de la red de salud de La Habana / Knowledges and practices associated with the copyright in information professionals of institutes and research centers from the health network of La Habana

Con el objetivo de diagnosticar los conocimientos y prácticas asociadas al derecho de autor de los profesionales de la información de los institutos y centros de investigaciones de la red de salud de La Habana, se realizó un estudio descriptivo durante el período marzo-junio de 2010. Se aplicó un cuestionario a profesionales de 12 Institutos y e igual número de centros de investigaciones. Se realizó un grupo focal y una entrevista. Fueron identificados los conocimientos sobre términos, relaciones e implicaciones del derecho de autor, así como la correspondencia entre sus conocimientos y prácticas profesionales en los procesos de desarrollo de colecciones, diseño de productos, prestación de servicios y la alfabetización informacional. Se destacan como principales resultados del estudio el bajo nivel de conocimiento de los profesionales sobre los términos, contenidos y legislaciones del derecho de autor, la aplicación de algunas nociones con mayor frecuencia durante la alfabetización informacional y el desarrollo de colecciones, así como el reconocimiento por parte de los involucrados en el estudio de sus debilidades y la necesidad de superarlas.

A descriptive study over March-June, 2010 was conducted to assess the knowledges and practices associated with the copyright of information professionals from institutes and research centers of the health network of La Habana. A questionnaire was administered to the professionals from 12 institutes and research centers. A focal group and an interview were made. The authors identified the knowledges on terms, relationships and implications of the copyright, as well as the correspondence among their knowledges and professional practices in the processes of development of collections, products designs, services provision and the information teaching. As main study results stood out the low level of professional's knowledges on terms, contents and copyright legislations, the implementation of some very frequent notions during the information teaching and the development of collections, as well as the recognition by involved in the study of their weakness and the need of overcoming of the same.

Los recursos educativos abiertos y la protección del derecho de autor / The open educational resources and the copyright protection

Con la aparición y masificación del uso de Internet surgieron los Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA) como una forma ventajosa de utilizar las tecnologías de la información las comunicaciones en función de la docencia. En este escenario y como consecuencia del desarrollo social, surge el movimiento de recursos educativos abiertos. En este trabajo se exponen las principales características de los REA y la protección del derecho de autor con las licencias Creative Commons en los materiales creados para la docencia. Asimismo se argumentan las implicaciones que tiene para los docentes el uso de los diferentes términos de las licencias.

With the appearance and mass use of the Internet arised the Open Educational Recourses (OER) as an advantageous way of use of information and communications technologies depending the teaching. In present setting and as a consequence of the social development, raise the OERs. The aim of this paper is to expose the major features of the OERs and the copyrights protection with the Creative Commons permissions in the materials created for teaching. As well, the use of the different permissions terms and the implications for professors are alleged.

Diseño de sistemas internos de propiedad intelectual en el modelo cubano: una propuesta metodológica / Design of internal system of intellectual property in Cuban´s model: a methodological proposal

La creación y la innovación son parte esencial de la vida en todas sus esferas; para cualquier rama de la economía, constituye un componente básico. El registro, la protección y la remuneración de esa actividad creadora están amparados por leyes que contienen las disposiciones normativas que conforman lo que se conoce como Sistema Internacional de la Propiedad Intelectual. La propiedad intelectual comprende el derecho de autor y los derechos conexos, así como la propiedad industrial, y se encuentra organizada en sistemas, por países, sectores o instituciones. La organización de la propiedad intelectual en sistemas institucionales es una prioridad en nuestro país y constituye una garantía para la sociedad, porque permite identificar la creación desde su concepción, insertarla en la modalidad correspondiente y decidir si publicar, proteger o mantener en secreto. Mucho se escribe sobre propiedad intelectual; sin embargo, no resulta fácil encontrar una metodología que sirva de guía para la organización sistémica de esta actividad en las organizaciones. El propósito de la presente contribución es proponer una guía metodológica para su diseño.

Creation and innovation are essential processes in all life contexts; it is a basic component for any economy branch and also it is an essential component. The registration, protection and remuneration of this creative activity because of they protected by laws containing the normative dispositions conforming what is known as International System of the Intellectual Copyright which includes the copyright and related rights, as well as the patent rights and it is organized in systems by countries, sectors or institutions. The organization of the intellectual copyright in institutional systems is a priority in Cuba and it constitutes a guarantee for the society, because it allows to identify the creation from its conception, insertion in the corresponding modality and to decide if to publish, to protect or to maintain it in secret. A lot it is written on the intellectual copyright, but it is not easy to find a methodology serving as a guide for the systemic organization of this activity in the organizations. The purpose of the present work is to propose a methodological guide for its design.